{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "45eda307",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Selección de datos\n",
    "\n",
    "Una operación fundamental cuando trabajamos con datos consiste en seleccionar los datos que nos interesan. Por ejemplo, en los datos de casos de Covid que hemos utilizados, podremos seleccionar de ellos cuáles corresponden a mujeres y a partir de allí realizar otras operaciones de datos. Es un ejemplo simple, pero es una operación común que vamos a realizar continuamente.\n",
    "\n",
    "## El método `.loc`\n",
    "\n",
    "Este es la forma más intuitiva de realizar una selección en nuestro conjunto de datos. Lo que se consigue con este método es filtrar por coincidencias en una columna a partir de las condiciones que se especifiquen. Por ejemplo:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "aa2a3fe8",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "remove-cell"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/jairoantonio/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py:3444: DtypeWarning: Columns (13) have mixed types.Specify dtype option on import or set low_memory=False.\n",
      "  exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "try:\n",
    "  covid_nacional = pd.read_csv('../data/casos_nacionales_covid-19_2022_semestre1.csv')\n",
    "except FileNotFoundError:\n",
    "  covid_nacional = pd.read_csv('../datos/casos_nacionales_covid-19_2022_semestre1.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "692bd334",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>fecha_actualizacion</th>\n",
       "      <th>id_registro</th>\n",
       "      <th>origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>sector</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_um</th>\n",
       "      <th>sexo</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_nac</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>municipio_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>otro_caso</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>clasificacion_final</th>\n",
       "      <th>migrante</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_nacionalidad</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>uci</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>13c92b</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
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       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>04f190</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0ba73d</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>QUERÉTARO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NAUCALPAN DE JUÁREZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0a98b4</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>112072</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5 rows × 41 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    Unnamed: 0 fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen  sector  \\\n",
       "4            5          2022-06-26      13c92b  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "5            6          2022-06-26      04f190  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "7            8          2022-06-26      0ba73d  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "9           10          2022-06-26      0a98b4  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "11          12          2022-06-26      112072  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "\n",
       "          entidad_um   sexo          entidad_nac entidad_res  \\\n",
       "4   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "5   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "7   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER            QUERÉTARO      MÉXICO   \n",
       "9   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO         NaN   \n",
       "11  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "          municipio_res  ... otro_caso toma_muestra_lab  \\\n",
       "4                   NaN  ...        SI               NO   \n",
       "5                   NaN  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "7   NAUCALPAN DE JUÁREZ  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "9                   NaN  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "11                  NaN  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   resultado_lab toma_muestra_antigeno  \\\n",
       "4   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "5   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "7   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "9   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "11  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "\n",
       "              resultado_antigeno             clasificacion_final  \\\n",
       "4          NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "5   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "7   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "9          POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2  CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO   \n",
       "11  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "\n",
       "           migrante pais_nacionalidad pais_origen        uci  \n",
       "4   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "5   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "7   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "9   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "11  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 41 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "casos_mujeres = covid_nacional.loc[covid_nacional['sexo'] == 'MUJER']\n",
    "casos_mujeres.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a86379b0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "En este caso, le dijimos a `pandas` que busque en la columna `sexo` los valores que sean iguales a `MUJER` y los muestre. Como habrás notado, el operador `==` indica igualdad. Este es un operador lógico, por lo que no es necesario que el valor a comparar sea numérico. Podemos utilizar el mismo método para localizar un valor numérico, por ejemplo, las mujeres que tengan edad de 25 años:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "6709c6ce",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>120</th>\n",
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       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "      <th>176</th>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>4a7184</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
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       "      <td>356</td>\n",
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       "      <td>71baef</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
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       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHALCO</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>750</th>\n",
       "      <td>751</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>65cd8e</td>\n",
       "      <td>USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1322904</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m10d115</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323061</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323062</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m1c3e25</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323178</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323179</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m0cbd03</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>RESULTADO NO ADECUADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323288</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323289</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m04a712</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323350</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323351</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m00101e</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>PRIVADA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>16002 rows × 41 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Unnamed: 0 fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen   sector  \\\n",
       "76               77          2022-06-26      1eaf9d  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "120             121          2022-06-26      c54e7c  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "176             177          2022-06-26      4a7184  FUERA DE USMER   ISSSTE   \n",
       "355             356          2022-06-26      71baef  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "750             751          2022-06-26      65cd8e           USMER      SSA   \n",
       "...             ...                 ...         ...             ...      ...   \n",
       "1322903     1322904          2022-06-26     m10d115  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1323061     1323062          2022-06-26     m1c3e25  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1323178     1323179          2022-06-26     m0cbd03  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1323288     1323289          2022-06-26     m04a712  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1323350     1323351          2022-06-26     m00101e  FUERA DE USMER  PRIVADA   \n",
       "\n",
       "               entidad_um   sexo       entidad_nac entidad_res municipio_res  \\\n",
       "76       CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "120      CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "176      CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "355      CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER            MÉXICO      MÉXICO        CHALCO   \n",
       "750      CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "...                   ...    ...               ...         ...           ...   \n",
       "1322903            MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "1323061            MÉXICO  MUJER            MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "1323178            MÉXICO  MUJER            MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "1323288            MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "1323350            MÉXICO  MUJER  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "         ...        otro_caso toma_muestra_lab                 resultado_lab  \\\n",
       "76       ...               NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "120      ...               NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "176      ...               NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "355      ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "750      ...               NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "...      ...              ...              ...                           ...   \n",
       "1322903  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1323061  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1323178  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               SI         RESULTADO NO ADECUADO   \n",
       "1323288  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1323350  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "\n",
       "        toma_muestra_antigeno            resultado_antigeno  \\\n",
       "76                         SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "120                        SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "176                        SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "355                        SI         POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "750                        SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "...                       ...                           ...   \n",
       "1322903                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1323061                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1323178                    NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1323288                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1323350                    NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    clasificacion_final         migrante pais_nacionalidad  \\\n",
       "76                NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "120               NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "176               NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "355      CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "750               NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "...                                 ...              ...               ...   \n",
       "1322903           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1323061           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1323178                 CASO SOSPECHOSO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1323288           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1323350                 CASO SOSPECHOSO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "\n",
       "        pais_origen        uci  \n",
       "76        NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "120       NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "176       NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "355       NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "750       NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "...             ...        ...  \n",
       "1322903   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323061   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323178   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323288   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323350   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "\n",
       "[16002 rows x 41 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mujeres_25 = casos_mujeres.loc[casos_mujeres['edad'] == 25]\n",
    "mujeres_25"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c558cf94",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "```{admonition} Para resaltar\n",
    ":class: tip\n",
    "* Nota que en el caso del valor numérico no lo incluimos entre paréntesis. Eso es fundamental porque, como recordarás, en la columna `edad` el tipo de dato es numérico (`int64`).\n",
    "* Para evitar procesar todo el dataframe nuevamente, lo que hicimos fue acotar el *grupo* que hicimos con el primer resultado (`casos_mujeres`). \n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "En ocasiones, vamos a querer descartar un valor en particular de una columna que contiene muchos elementos. Por ejemplo, en la columna `entidad_nac` (entidad de nacimiento de la persona) podemos querer seleccionar los valores que no sean `CIUDAD DE MÉXICO`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "b2a0188a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>fecha_actualizacion</th>\n",
       "      <th>id_registro</th>\n",
       "      <th>origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>sector</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_um</th>\n",
       "      <th>sexo</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_nac</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>municipio_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>otro_caso</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>clasificacion_final</th>\n",
       "      <th>migrante</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_nacionalidad</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>uci</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0ba73d</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>QUERÉTARO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NAUCALPAN DE JUÁREZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0a98b4</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>044350</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>375634</td>\n",
       "      <td>USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>3d59ea</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>GUERRERO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>ZUMPANGO</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323465</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323466</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m0b9e6b</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>GUERRERO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323467</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323468</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m10ccd6</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323483</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323484</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m00d216</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>RESULTADO NO ADECUADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323487</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323488</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m0c8c4a</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>RESULTADO NO ADECUADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323491</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323492</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m139158</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>GUANAJUATO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>144256 rows × 41 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Unnamed: 0 fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen  sector  \\\n",
       "7                 8          2022-06-26      0ba73d  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "9                10          2022-06-26      0a98b4  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "12               13          2022-06-26      044350  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "22               23          2022-06-26      375634           USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "24               25          2022-06-26      3d59ea  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "...             ...                 ...         ...             ...     ...   \n",
       "1323465     1323466          2022-06-26     m0b9e6b  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "1323467     1323468          2022-06-26     m10ccd6  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "1323483     1323484          2022-06-26     m00d216  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "1323487     1323488          2022-06-26     m0c8c4a  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "1323491     1323492          2022-06-26     m139158  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "\n",
       "               entidad_um   sexo          entidad_nac entidad_res  \\\n",
       "7        CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER            QUERÉTARO      MÉXICO   \n",
       "9        CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO         NaN   \n",
       "12       CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER               MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "22       CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER               MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "24       CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER             GUERRERO      MÉXICO   \n",
       "...                   ...    ...                  ...         ...   \n",
       "1323465            MÉXICO  MUJER             GUERRERO         NaN   \n",
       "1323467            MÉXICO  MUJER               MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "1323483            MÉXICO  MUJER  MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO         NaN   \n",
       "1323487            MÉXICO  MUJER               MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "1323491            MÉXICO  MUJER           GUANAJUATO         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "               municipio_res  ...        otro_caso toma_muestra_lab  \\\n",
       "7        NAUCALPAN DE JUÁREZ  ...               NO               NO   \n",
       "9                        NaN  ...               NO               NO   \n",
       "12                       NaN  ...               NO               NO   \n",
       "22                       NaN  ...               NO               NO   \n",
       "24                  ZUMPANGO  ...               SI               NO   \n",
       "...                      ...  ...              ...              ...   \n",
       "1323465                  NaN  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO   \n",
       "1323467                  NaN  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO   \n",
       "1323483                  NaN  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               SI   \n",
       "1323487                  NaN  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               SI   \n",
       "1323491                  NaN  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO   \n",
       "\n",
       "                        resultado_lab toma_muestra_antigeno  \\\n",
       "7        NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "9        NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "12       NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "22       NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "24       NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "...                               ...                   ...   \n",
       "1323465  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "1323467  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "1323483         RESULTADO NO ADECUADO                    NO   \n",
       "1323487         RESULTADO NO ADECUADO                    NO   \n",
       "1323491  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   resultado_antigeno             clasificacion_final  \\\n",
       "7        NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "9               POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2  CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO   \n",
       "12       NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "22              NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "24              POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2  CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO   \n",
       "...                               ...                             ...   \n",
       "1323465  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "1323467  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "1323483  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "1323487  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "1323491  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "\n",
       "                migrante pais_nacionalidad pais_origen        uci  \n",
       "7        NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "9        NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "12       NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA         NO  \n",
       "22       NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "24       NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "...                  ...               ...         ...        ...  \n",
       "1323465  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323467  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323483  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323487  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323491  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "\n",
       "[144256 rows x 41 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "entidad_nac_no_cdmx = casos_mujeres.loc[casos_mujeres['entidad_nac'] != 'CIUDAD DE MÉXICO']\n",
    "entidad_nac_no_cdmx"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a2689532",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Esta forma de seleccionar información es muy relevante cuando solamente nos interesa una parte de la información del conjunto de datos para analizar. Por ejemplo, si queremos averiguar los casos por un Estado en un conjunto de datos nacional, o las cifras nacionales en uno global.\n",
    "\n",
    "### Método `.loc` en múltiples columnas\n",
    "\n",
    "Los casos anteriores son bastante simples, y si te das cuenta, lo que hicimos fue hacer tres grupos para llegar al resultado deseado. `Pandas` nos ofrece la posibilidad de hacer una selección en múltiples columnas. Por ejemplo, si queremos seleccionar los casos de mujeres de 25 años de edad, nacidas en México, y que no sean de CDMX:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "98e73030",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>fecha_actualizacion</th>\n",
       "      <th>id_registro</th>\n",
       "      <th>origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>sector</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_um</th>\n",
       "      <th>sexo</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_nac</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>municipio_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>otro_caso</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>clasificacion_final</th>\n",
       "      <th>migrante</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_nacionalidad</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>uci</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>355</th>\n",
       "      <td>356</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>71baef</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHALCO</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1421</th>\n",
       "      <td>1422</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>7a7ccb</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEZAHUALCÓYOTL</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2446</th>\n",
       "      <td>2447</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>b90a4e</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>IMSS</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2815</th>\n",
       "      <td>2816</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>dc9510</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>LA PAZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2939</th>\n",
       "      <td>2940</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>92801c</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1319471</th>\n",
       "      <td>1319472</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>g0c9923</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1320074</th>\n",
       "      <td>1320075</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>g029f84</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>PRIVADA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEZAHUALCÓYOTL</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1321052</th>\n",
       "      <td>1321053</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>g1e1667</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>TLALNEPANTLA DE BAZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323061</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323062</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m1c3e25</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1323178</th>\n",
       "      <td>1323179</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>m0cbd03</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>RESULTADO NO ADECUADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2126 rows × 41 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Unnamed: 0 fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen   sector  \\\n",
       "355             356          2022-06-26      71baef  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1421           1422          2022-06-26      7a7ccb  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "2446           2447          2022-06-26      b90a4e  FUERA DE USMER     IMSS   \n",
       "2815           2816          2022-06-26      dc9510  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "2939           2940          2022-06-26      92801c  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "...             ...                 ...         ...             ...      ...   \n",
       "1319471     1319472          2022-06-26     g0c9923  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1320074     1320075          2022-06-26     g029f84  FUERA DE USMER  PRIVADA   \n",
       "1321052     1321053          2022-06-26     g1e1667  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1323061     1323062          2022-06-26     m1c3e25  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "1323178     1323179          2022-06-26     m0cbd03  FUERA DE USMER      SSA   \n",
       "\n",
       "               entidad_um   sexo entidad_nac entidad_res        municipio_res  \\\n",
       "355      CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO      MÉXICO               CHALCO   \n",
       "1421     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO      MÉXICO       NEZAHUALCÓYOTL   \n",
       "2446     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO         NaN                  NaN   \n",
       "2815     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO      MÉXICO               LA PAZ   \n",
       "2939     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO         NaN                  NaN   \n",
       "...                   ...    ...         ...         ...                  ...   \n",
       "1319471  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO         NaN                  NaN   \n",
       "1320074  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO      MÉXICO       NEZAHUALCÓYOTL   \n",
       "1321052  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO      MÉXICO  TLALNEPANTLA DE BAZ   \n",
       "1323061            MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO         NaN                  NaN   \n",
       "1323178            MÉXICO  MUJER      MÉXICO         NaN                  NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "         ...        otro_caso toma_muestra_lab                 resultado_lab  \\\n",
       "355      ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1421     ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "2446     ...               NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "2815     ...               NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "2939     ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "...      ...              ...              ...                           ...   \n",
       "1319471  ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1320074  ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1321052  ...               SI               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1323061  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1323178  ...  NO ESPECIFICADO               SI         RESULTADO NO ADECUADO   \n",
       "\n",
       "        toma_muestra_antigeno            resultado_antigeno  \\\n",
       "355                        SI         POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1421                       SI         POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "2446                       SI         POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "2815                       SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "2939                       SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "...                       ...                           ...   \n",
       "1319471                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1320074                    SI         POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1321052                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1323061                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1323178                    NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    clasificacion_final         migrante pais_nacionalidad  \\\n",
       "355      CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1421     CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "2446     CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "2815              NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "2939              NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "...                                 ...              ...               ...   \n",
       "1319471           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1320074  CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1321052           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1323061           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1323178                 CASO SOSPECHOSO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "\n",
       "        pais_origen        uci  \n",
       "355       NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1421      NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "2446      NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "2815      NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "2939      NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "...             ...        ...  \n",
       "1319471   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1320074   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1321052   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323061   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1323178   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "\n",
       "[2126 rows x 41 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "casos_mujeres_25_mexico = casos_mujeres.loc[(casos_mujeres['edad'] == 25) & (casos_mujeres['entidad_nac'] == 'MÉXICO') & (casos_mujeres['entidad_nac'] != 'CIUDAD DE MÉXICO')]\n",
    "casos_mujeres_25_mexico"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b7648a7e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Si observas con atención, notarás que lo que hicimos fue encadenar varias peticiones en una sola. Para ello nos servimos del operador `&` ('and') que es un operador lógico [^footnote1].\n",
    "\n",
    "O, los casos que corresponden a mujeres **o** migrantes. En este caso usaremos el operador `|`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "58b158c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "total casos: 735841\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>fecha_actualizacion</th>\n",
       "      <th>id_registro</th>\n",
       "      <th>origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>sector</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_um</th>\n",
       "      <th>sexo</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_nac</th>\n",
       "      <th>entidad_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>municipio_res</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>otro_caso</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_lab</th>\n",
       "      <th>toma_muestra_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>resultado_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>clasificacion_final</th>\n",
       "      <th>migrante</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_nacionalidad</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>uci</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>13c92b</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>04f190</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0ba73d</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>QUERÉTARO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NAUCALPAN DE JUÁREZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0a98b4</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>112072</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>ISSSTE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MUJER</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO SOSPECHOSO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5 rows × 41 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    Unnamed: 0 fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen  sector  \\\n",
       "4            5          2022-06-26      13c92b  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "5            6          2022-06-26      04f190  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "7            8          2022-06-26      0ba73d  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "9           10          2022-06-26      0a98b4  FUERA DE USMER     SSA   \n",
       "11          12          2022-06-26      112072  FUERA DE USMER  ISSSTE   \n",
       "\n",
       "          entidad_um   sexo          entidad_nac entidad_res  \\\n",
       "4   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "5   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "7   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER            QUERÉTARO      MÉXICO   \n",
       "9   CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER  MICHOACÁN DE OCAMPO         NaN   \n",
       "11  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  MUJER     CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "          municipio_res  ... otro_caso toma_muestra_lab  \\\n",
       "4                   NaN  ...        SI               NO   \n",
       "5                   NaN  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "7   NAUCALPAN DE JUÁREZ  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "9                   NaN  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "11                  NaN  ...        NO               NO   \n",
       "\n",
       "                   resultado_lab toma_muestra_antigeno  \\\n",
       "4   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "5   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "7   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "9   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    SI   \n",
       "11  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                    NO   \n",
       "\n",
       "              resultado_antigeno             clasificacion_final  \\\n",
       "4          NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "5   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "7   NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "9          POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2  CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO   \n",
       "11  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)                 CASO SOSPECHOSO   \n",
       "\n",
       "           migrante pais_nacionalidad pais_origen        uci  \n",
       "4   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "5   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "7   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "9   NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "11  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 41 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "casos_mujeres_migrantes = covid_nacional.loc[(covid_nacional['sexo'] == 'MUJER') | (covid_nacional['migrante'] == 'SI')]\n",
    "print(f'total casos: {casos_mujeres_migrantes.shape[0]}')\n",
    "casos_mujeres_migrantes.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1397156a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Notarás que se regresa una cantidad diferente de filas dependiendo del condicional. Esto simplemente se debe a que estamos utilizando un operador lógico. Así, `pandas` selecciona la información según lo siguiente[^footnote2]:\n",
    "\n",
    "* busca (`loc`) las filas en la columna `sexo` que cumplen con la condición `'MUJER'` y con la condición `'SI'` en la columna `migrante`. Todas las filas que no cumplan con esa condición en ambas columnas serán descartadas.\n",
    "* busca las filas de la columnna `sexo` que cumplan con la condición `'MUJER'` o las filas de la columna `migrante` que cumplan con la condición `'SI'`. En este caso, solamente descarta las filas que no cumplan con una de las condiciones. Por esa razón nos devolverá todos los casos donde aparezca `'MUJER'` en la columna `sexo` y todos los casos donde aparezca `'SI'` en la columna `migrante`.\n",
    "\n",
    "## El método `.iloc`\n",
    "\n",
    "El método `.iloc` permite seleccionar filas y columnas por su índice. Por ejemplo, si quisiera seleccionar las tres primeras filas del conjunto de datos:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "dd58d8b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "  <thead>\n",
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       "      <th>...</th>\n",
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       "      <th>resultado_antigeno</th>\n",
       "      <th>clasificacion_final</th>\n",
       "      <th>migrante</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_nacionalidad</th>\n",
       "      <th>pais_origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>uci</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0793b8</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOMBRE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0fef08</td>\n",
       "      <td>USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOMBRE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>11e31a</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOMBRE</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIUDAD DE MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)</td>\n",
       "      <td>SI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO ESPECIFICADO</td>\n",
       "      <td>MÉXICO</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "      <td>NO APLICA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>3 rows × 41 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Unnamed: 0 fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen sector  \\\n",
       "0           1          2022-06-26      0793b8  FUERA DE USMER    SSA   \n",
       "1           2          2022-06-26      0fef08           USMER    SSA   \n",
       "2           3          2022-06-26      11e31a  FUERA DE USMER    SSA   \n",
       "\n",
       "         entidad_um    sexo       entidad_nac entidad_res municipio_res  ...  \\\n",
       "0  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  HOMBRE  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN  ...   \n",
       "1  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  HOMBRE  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN  ...   \n",
       "2  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO  HOMBRE  CIUDAD DE MÉXICO         NaN           NaN  ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "  otro_caso toma_muestra_lab                 resultado_lab  \\\n",
       "0        NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "1        NO               SI         POSITIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "2        NO               NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "\n",
       "  toma_muestra_antigeno            resultado_antigeno  \\\n",
       "0                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "1                    NO  NO APLICA (CASO SIN MUESTRA)   \n",
       "2                    SI         NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2   \n",
       "\n",
       "              clasificacion_final         migrante pais_nacionalidad  \\\n",
       "0           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "1  CASO DE SARS-COV-2  CONFIRMADO  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "2           NEGATIVO A SARS-COV-2  NO ESPECIFICADO            MÉXICO   \n",
       "\n",
       "  pais_origen        uci  \n",
       "0   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "1   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "2   NO APLICA  NO APLICA  \n",
       "\n",
       "[3 rows x 41 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tres_filas = covid_nacional.iloc[:3]\n",
    "tres_filas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "529ce0cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Ahora, podríamos seleccionar las columnas 1 a 5 de las filas 1 a 3:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "4928dc3a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>fecha_actualizacion</th>\n",
       "      <th>id_registro</th>\n",
       "      <th>origen</th>\n",
       "      <th>sector</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0793b8</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0fef08</td>\n",
       "      <td>USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2022-06-26</td>\n",
       "      <td>11e31a</td>\n",
       "      <td>FUERA DE USMER</td>\n",
       "      <td>SSA</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  fecha_actualizacion id_registro          origen sector\n",
       "0          2022-06-26      0793b8  FUERA DE USMER    SSA\n",
       "1          2022-06-26      0fef08           USMER    SSA\n",
       "2          2022-06-26      11e31a  FUERA DE USMER    SSA"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "filas_columnas = covid_nacional.iloc[:3, 1:5]\n",
    "filas_columnas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e8509df0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "En información muy bien estructurada, este método permite acceder a información sin preocuparnos por el tipo de dato o la forma en la cual fue escrita la celda. En general, si la información es creada a través de un gestor de base de datos el método `.iloc` puede ser muy útil. Es además más rápido que el método `.loc`, puesto que no tiene que buscar coincidencias sino seleccionar información dentro de una matriz.\n",
    "\n",
    "## Notas\n",
    "\n",
    "[^footnote1]: En Python el posible utilizar el operador lógico `and`, pero en `pandas` no es permitido. Si quieres profundizar sobre esto puedes consultar el artículo de [Àlex Escolà Nixon en Towards Data Science](https://towardsdatascience.com/bitwise-operators-and-chaining-comparisons-in-pandas-d3a559487525).\n",
    "\n",
    "[^footnote2]: En este curso no podemos profundizar en lógica y teoría de conjuntos, pero puedo recomendar el primer capítulo del libro de {cite}`juola_six_2017` para una introducción bastante comprensible de la lógica. Para la teoría de conjuntos, el capítulo de {cite}`flanders_gentle_2019` es una introducción sencilla y completa."
   ]
  }
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